| Products contributing to avoided GHG emissions |
Baseline scenario |
Calculation method |
Calculation Formula |
Source of figures and assumptions used in Calculation Formula |
| NSP-Pro (KN4-60NSP-Pro) PSA-type nitrogen gas generator |
Comparison with previous PSA (KN4-60NSP) |
We calculate avoided emissions associated with annual reductions in power use due to the energy-efficient NSP-Pro (KN4-60NSP-Pro) compared with Air Water's previous KN4-60NSP product. |
Energy efficiency effects × CO2 emission factor × annual operating hours × average years of use × annual number of units sold |
• Energy efficiency effects are calculated by subtracting hourly power use per amount of nitrogen produced by the Nitrogen PSA NSP-Pro (KN4-60NSP-Pro) from hourly power use per amount of nitrogen produced by the previous PSA (KN4-60NSP).
• We use catalogue values for hourly power use.
• For the CO2 emission factor, we used the "National Average Factor" appearing in Emission Factors by Electric Power Company (for calculation of GHG emissions by specified emitters) - FY2023 Results, published by the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry on March 18, 2025.
• For annual operating hours, we set annual operating days to 300 and operating hours to 24 hours a day, based on operating conditions in the main target industries.
• We set average years of use to 8 years, based on statutory useful life. |
| VHR hydrogen gas generator |
Comparison with previous VH product |
We calculate avoided emissions associated with reductions in annual natural gas and power use due to utilization of the energy-efficient VHR compared with the previous VH. |
Energy efficiency effects × CO2 emission factor × annual operating hours × average years of use × annual number of units sold |
• Energy efficiency effects are calculated by subtracting per-unit hourly natural gas and power use by the VHR product from per-unit hourly natural gas and power use by the previous VH product.
• We use catalogue values for hourly natural gas and power use.
• For the natural gas CO2 emission factor, we use the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculation and Reporting Manual (Version 6.0), published in March 2025.
• For the electric power CO2 emission factor, we use the "National Average Factor" appearing in Emission Factors by Electric Power Company (for calculation of GHG emissions by specified emitters) - FY2023 Results, published by the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry on March 18, 2025.
• For annual operating hours, we set annual operating days to 355 days and operating hours to 24 hours a day, based on continuous operating conditions (excluding maintenance) irrespective of hydrogen production.
• We set average years of use to 10 years, reflecting that on-site supply services are based on 10-year contracts. |
| VIVIDO hybrid hot water and heating system |
Comparison with all-electric or kerosene-fueled hot water and heating systems |
We calculate avoided emissions due to reduced energy use from utilizing VIVIDO compared with hot water and heating systems that are all-electric or kerosene-fueled. |
(Annual energy usage of hot water and heating systems that are either all-electric or kerosene-fueled, taking into account their respective adoption rates × CO2 emission factor − VIVIDO annual energy use × CO2 emission factor) × average years of use × annual number of units sold |
• For annual energy usage, we perform calculations using a dedicated tool from Rinnai Corporation, a joint development and manufacturing partner.
• Adoption rates for all-electric or kerosene-fueled hot water and heating systems are based on Hokkaido hot water and h eating market research.
• The CO2 emission factor is based on the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculation and Reporting Manual (Version 6.0), published in March 2025, and figures for Hokkaido Electric Power appearing in Emission Factors by Electric Power Company (for calculation of GHG emissions by specified emitters) - FY2023 Results, published by the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry on March 18, 2025.
• We set average years of use to 10 years, based on product catalogue values. |
| "Eco-Jozu" high efficiency gas water heater |
Comparison with conventional hot water heaters |
We calculate avoided emissions associated with reduced energy use during the Eco-Jozu usage phase compared with conventional hot water heaters. The switchover rate from conventional hot water heaters has been taken into account. |
Energy efficiency effects × CO2 emission factor × annual operating days × average years of use × annual number of units sold × switchover rate from conventional hot water heaters |
• Energy efficiency effects are calculated by multiplying the per-unit daily LPG energy use reduction rate by the per-unit daily energy usage of a conventional hot water heater.
• The per-unit daily LPG energy use reduction rate is based on product catalogue values.
• The per-unit daily energy usage of a conventional hot water heater is based on the 2016 Energy Consumption Performance Calculation Program Compliant With Energy Conservation Standards (Housing Edition, Version 2.3.1), among other sources.
• The CO2 emission factor is based on the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculation and Reporting Manual (Version 6.0), published in March 2025.
• Annual operating days is set to 365 days.
• We set average years of use to 10 years, based on product catalogue values.
• The switchover rate from conventional hot water heaters is based on Japan Industrial Association of Gas and Kerosene Appliances (JGKA) data. |
| CoJet\( \sf ^{Ⓡ} \) oxygen lancing burner for electric arc furnaces |
Comparison with separated burners (melting burner + lance pipe) |
We calculate avoided emissions associated with reduced power use per unit of steel output in electric arc furnaces through the introduction of CoJet burners compared with separated burners. |
Σ [(annual electricity reduction × CO2 emission factor) + (annual oxygen reduction × per-unit electricity use for oxygen production × CO2 emission factor) + (fuel use reduction × CO2 emission factor)] × annual steel production × average years of use |
• For annual electricity reduction, we use actual measured value of electricity use in an electric arc furnace per ton of steel produced.
• Per-unit electricity use for oxygen production is calculated based on actual electricity usage figures for Air Water's VP (oxygen generator) systems.
• For fuel use reduction, we use actual fuel use values for electric arc furnaces per ton of steel production.
• For the CO2 emission factor, we used the "National Average Value" appearing in Emission Factors by Electric Power Company (for calculation of GHG emissions by specified emitters) - FY2023 Results, published by the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry on March 18, 2025.
• Average years of use is assumed to be 20 years, based on customer usage results.
• Annual steel production is calculated based on information gathered from customers. |
| MODEL-WGH NF3 exhaust gas treatment equipment |
Comparison with untreated NF3 being released into the atmosphere |
We calculate the avoided emissions when NF3 has been treated in facility without being released into the atmosphere. |
{(NF3 annual treatment volume × global warming potential GWP) - (CO2 emissions from electricity associated with the use of an NF3 exhaust treatment system)} × average years of use × annual number of units sold |
• For annual NF3 treatment volume, the amount of NF3 gas treated annually by one NF3 treatment unit is assumed to be 9.5 kg.
• Electricity usage when using an NF3 exhaust gas treatment system is based on catalogue figures.
• Global warming potential and the CO2 emission factor are based on the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculation and Reporting Manual (Version 6.0), published in March 2025.
• For the electric power CO2 emission factor, we use the "National Average Factor" appearing in Emission Factors by Electric Power Company (for calculation of GHG emissions by specified emitters) - FY2023 Results, published by the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry on March 18, 2025.
• We set average years of use to 10 years, based on statutory useful life. |
| ELNACKS\( \sf ^{Ⓡ} \) welding shield gas |
Comparison with carbon dioxide gas welding |
We calculate avoided emissions due to differences in electricity usage and CO2 released into the atmosphere stemming from different welding speeds when the customers who had been carrying out CO2 welding with conventional welding equipment switched to mixed-gas welding using ELNACKS and CO2. |
{(difference in electricity usage per unit of sales volume × CO2 emission factor) + (difference in atmospheric CO2 emissions per unit of sales volume)} × annual sales volume |
• The difference in electricity usage per unit of sales volume is calculated by subtracting electricity usage per unit of sales volume used for ELNACKS welding from electricity usage per unit of sales volume used for CO2 welding.
• The difference in atmospheric CO2 emissions per unit of sales volume is calculated by subtracting the amount of CO2 gas contained when using ELNACKS and CO2 mixed-gas welding from the amount of CO2 gas contained in CO2 welding shield gas.
• For the CO2 emission factor, we used the "National Average Factor" appearing in Emission Factors by Electric Power Company (for calculating GHG emissions by specified emitters) - FY2023 Results, published by the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry on March 18, 2025. |
| V-Satellite, a compact LNG satellite facility |
Comparison with operation of a boiler using A-type heavy oil |
We calculate avoided emissions due to switching fuel from Type-A heavy oil to LNG for customers who had been operating boilers using Type-A heavy oil and replaced them with new equipment. |
Σ (annual usage of Type-A heavy oil × Type-A heavy oil CO2 emission factor − annual LNG usage × LNG CO2 emission factor) × average years of use |
• Usage of Type-A heavy oil is calculated based on actual annual usage by customers in the most recent fiscal year.
• Annual LNG usage is estimated based on LNG usage on a calorific value conversion basis, assuming that a similar calorific value as the annual Type-A heavy oil usage is used.
• Average years of use is assumed to be 10 years, which is the number of years in estimates for maintenance expenses.
• The CO2 emission factor is based on the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculation and Reporting Manual (Version 6.0), published in March 2025. |
| Woody biomass fuel-derived electric power |
Comparison with electric power based on Japan's power generation mix |
We calculate the difference between lifecycle emissions of electric power based on Japan's power generation mix and woody biomass fuel-derived electric power as avoided emissions. |
(Electric power CO2 emission factor - lifecycle emissions of woody biomass fuel-derived electric power) × annual volume of electricity sales |
• Electric power CO2 emission factor is based on "Electric Power, Japan Average, FY2021, JPN" from AIST IDEA v3.4 (IPCC 2021 without LULUCF AR6)
• Lifecycle emissions of woody biomass fuel-derived electric power are based on Business Plan Formulation Guidelines (Biomass Power Generation) from the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy. When individual calculations are made, they are based on certificates and other documents issued by third party certification organizations.
• The annual volume of electricity sales is based on actual measured values.
• The construction phase is not included in the calculation of avoided emissions. |
| Viami series of special bathing systems |
Comparison with hot water storage tank-fed bathing systems |
We calculate the reductions in GHG emissions associated with the reduced use of hot water due to the use of Viami compared with hot water storage-tank fed bathing systems. |
{Annual hot water usage with hot water storage tank-fed bathing systems - annual hot water usage of Viami} × fuel usage × city gas CO2 emission factor × years of use × annual number of units sold |
• Annual hot water usage is calculated by multiplying annual usage cycles by the amount of hot water use per cycle.
• Hot water usage per hot water storage tank-fed bathing system cycle references standard amounts of hot water used in bathtubs.
• Hot water usage per Viami cycle is calculated by multiplying the flow rate stated in catalogue values by the recommended usage time.
• Annual usage cycles are calculated by taking into account usage statistics at medical and nursing care facilities.
• Fuel usage is calculated as the amount of city gas usage needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water by 27 degree Celsius.
• We set years of use to 6 years, referencing statutory useful life.
• The city gas CO2 emission factor is based on the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculation and Reporting Manual (Version 6.0), published in March 2025. |
| New recycled wood: DK2020 Ecoroca Wood Product (two-layer structure) |
Comparison with tropical hardwood |
We calculate avoided emissions by comparing CO2 emissions per ton of Ecoroca wood with CO2 emissions per ton of tropical hardwood, factoring in the weight ratio per unit area of the tropical hardwood. The calculation includes emissions from raw material procurement, transportation, manufacturing and disposal phases. |
(Tropical hardwood CO2 emissions × weight ratio - Ecoroca wood CO2 emissions) × annual sales volume |
• Tropical hardwood CO2 emissions are calculated as those associated with virgin wood forest management, transportation, and electric power for operating equipment during product processing. During the calculations, data including Statistics on Emissions of Environment-Impacting Substances Due to the Production and Transportation of Imported Timber (Summary of the 4th Japan LCA Society Research Presentation, March 2009) is used.
• Ecoroca wood CO2 emissions are calculated as those associated with electric power usage when operating equipment during raw material processing of recycled plastics, recycled wood and recycled eggshell materials, as well as those due to water use. During the calculations, Air Water's actual measurement data and other figures are used while referencing the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculation and Reporting Manual (Version 6.0), published in March 2025.
• The weight ratio is calculated based on catalogue values. |
| Liquefied biomethane (LBM) |
Comparison with LNG use |
We calculate avoided emissions due to switching fuel from LNG to biomethane. The calculation includes emissions due to raw material procurement, manufacturing, transportation and use. |
{（CH4 emissions during treatment of livestock manure and urine + CO2 emissions during LNG procurement + CO2 emissions during combustion of LNG) - (CO2 emissions during transportation of LBM raw materials + CO2 emissions and CH4 emissions during LBM production)} × annual sales volume |
• For CH4 emissions during treatment of livestock manure and urine, an emission factor is used to determine methane emissions if the same amount of excreta were stored based on the amount of biogas methane purchased for LBM production, and that value is then multiplied by the global warming potential. The emission factor is based on the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculation and Reporting Manual (Version 6.0), published in March 2025.
• For CO2 emissions during LNG procurement, the emission factor from AIST IDEA v3.4 (IPCC 2021 without LULUCF AR6) is used.
• For CO2 emissions during LNG combustion, the emission factor from the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculation and Reporting Manual (Version 6.0), published in March 2025, is used.
• CO2 emissions during LBM raw material transportation are calculated by multiplying the fuel consumption amount derived based on the number of transportation cycles, distances and fuel efficiencies, but the emission factor from the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculation and Reporting Manual (Version 6.0), published in March 2025.
• For fuel efficiencies, typical values for a tractor over 20 tons from the Final Report by Heavy Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Standard Evaluation Group, Heavy Vehicle Standards Evaluation Subcommittee, Energy Efficiency Standards Subcommittee of the Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy are used.
• CO2 and CH4emissions during LBM production are calculated by multiplying the amount of electric power used during production by the emission factor for Hokkaido Electric Power, which appears in the Emission Factors by Electric Power Company (for calculation of GHG emissions by specified emitters) - FY2023 Results, published by the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry on March 18, 2025. Methane emissions due to biogas leakage are also taken into account. |
| B5 diesel and B10 heavy oil, both including biodiesell |
Comparison with diesel and Type A heavy oil |
We calculate avoided emissions due to the use of B5 diesel and B10 heavy oil, where part of the diesel and Type A heavy oil is replaced with biodiesel fuel. Emissions calculations for B5 diesel and B10 heavy oil include emissions during manufacturing and transportation, in addition to procurement and usage. |
(CO2 emissions during diesel and Type A heavy oil combustion and procurement - CO2 emissions during B5 diesel or B10 heavy oil combustion, procurement, manufacturing and transportation) × annual sales volume |
• The biodiesel fuel content contained in B5 diesel and B10 heavy oil is based on actual measured values.
• CO2 emissions during combustion, B5 diesel and B10 heavy oil manufacturing (refining process) and transportation are based on the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculation and Reporting Manual (Version 6.0), published in March 2025.
• For CO2 emissions during procurement and during B5 diesel and B10 heavy oil manufacturing (process of turning waste cooking oil into biodiesel), emission factors from AIST IDEA v3.4 (IPCC 2021 without LULUCF AR6) are used.
• For the electric power CO2 emission factor, we use the "Hokkaido Electric Power" figures appearing in Emission Factors by Electric Power Company (for calculation of GHG emissions by specified emitters) - FY2023 Results, published by the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry on March 18, 2025. |
| VERPA, a vertical solar power system |
Comparison with purchased electric power from general electricity utilities |
We calculate avoided emissions as those when electric power purchased by a customer from a regional general electricity utility is replaced with solar power generation. |
{（CO2 emission factor during procurement of fuel used for power generation + CO2 emissions factor during power generation) - CO2 emission factor during VERPA construction, operation and dismantlement} × total power generation during average years of use factoring in output reduction rate |
• For CO2 emission factor during procurement of fuel used for power generation, the emission factor from AIST IDEA v3.4 (IPCC 2021 without LULUCF AR6) is used.
• For the CO2 emission factor during power generation, we use the emission factor appearing in Emission Factors by Electric Power Company (for calculation of GHG emissions by specified emitters) - FY2023 Results, published by the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry on March 18, 2025.
• For the CO2 emission factor during VERPA construction, operation and dismantlement, we use the emission factor appearing in the CRIEPI Report - Comprehensive Assessment of Life Cycle CO₂ Emissions from Power Generation Technologies in Japan" in the CRIEPI Report Y06 (July 2016).
• Annual power generation factoring in output reduction rate is based on simulations by solar power module manufacturers. In addition, the output reduction rate is based on product catalogue values.
• We set average years of use to 17 years, based on statutory useful life for solar panels. |
